WHAT DO YOU THINK THE PICTURE SHOW?

Do you ever heard about obesity or overweight before this?  overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A crude population measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), a person’s weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of his or her height (in metres). A person with a BMI of 30 or more is generally considered obese. A person with a BMI equal to or more than 25 is considered overweight.

Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Once considered a problem only in high income countries, overweight and obesity are now dramatically on the rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings.

Causes

1)      1) Diet

-          The per capita dietary energy supply varies markedly between different regions and countries. -          Eat in-portion, fast-food meals, the association between fast-food consumption and obesity becomes more concerning. Most of these extra calories came from an increase in carbohydrate consumption rather than fat consumption.

2)  

 2)  Genetic

-          Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. udies that have focused upon inheritance patterns rather than upon specific genes have found that 80% of the offspring of two obese parents were obese, in contrast to less than 10% of the offspring of two parents who were of normal weight.

3)   3) Medical and psychiatric illness

-          Certain physical and mental illnesses and the pharmaceutical substances used to treat them can increase risk of obesity. Medical illnesses that increase obesity risk include several rare genetic syndromes (listed above) as well as some congenital or acquired conditions:hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, and the eating disorders: binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome

44) Social determinants

-          While genetic influences are important to understanding obesity, they cannot explain the current dramatic increase seen within specific countries or globally. in developed countries women of a high social class were less likely to be obese.  -          developed countries, the wealthy are able to afford more nutritious food, they are under greater social pressure to remain slim, and have more opportunities along with greater expectations for physical fitness. In undeveloped countries the ability to afford food, high energy expenditure with physical labor, and cultural values favoring a larger body size are believed to contribute to the observed patterns.

5)   5) Infectious agents

-          lteration of the metabolic potential is believed to confer a greater capacity to harvest energy contributing to obesity. Whether these differences are the direct cause or the result of obesity has yet to be determined unequivocally. An association between viruses and obesity has been found in humans and several different animal species. The amount that these associations may have contributed to the rising rate of obesity is yet to be determined.

   


        COMPLICATION

1)diabetic type 2

2) high blood pressure

3) high triglyceride level

4) cancer

5)cardiovascular disease

6) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

7) osteoarthritis

8) obstructive sleep apnea, 

  HOW TO SLOVE THIS PROBLEM

1.    1) Dieting

-          Diets to promote weight loss are generally divided into four categories: low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie, and very low calorie. avoid fast food.

2.   2) Exercise

-          With use, muscles consume energy derived from both fat and glycogen. Due to the large size of leg muscles, walking, running, and cycling are the most effective means of exercise to reduce body fat.exercise affects macronutrient balance. During moderate exercise, equivalent to a brisk walk, there is a shift to greater use of fat as a fuel. exercise at least 30 minute per day.

3.    3) Weight loss program

-          Goes to slimming centre. Weight loss programs often promote lifestyle changes and diet modification. This may involve eating smaller meals, cutting down on certain types of food, and making a conscious effort to exercise more. 

     4)  Medication

-          Weight loss with drugs(slimming pills). So many slimming pills are sold outside there. We must  
be careful, alert and think first before buy any slimming pills.

5)  Surgery

-          ("weight loss surgery") is the use of surgical intervention in the treatment of obesity. As every operation may have complications, surgery is only recommended for severely obese people (BMI > 40) who have failed to lose weight following dietary modification and pharmacological treatment. Weight loss surgery relies on various principles: the two most common approaches are reducing the volume of the stomach. Examples, liposuction and  gastric and bypass surgery.